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pulse detonation engine
A pulse detonation engine, or "PDE", is a type of propulsion system that uses detonation waves to combust the fuel and oxidizer mixture.〔Kailasanath, K., "Review of Propulsion Applications of Detonation Waves," ''AIAA Journal'', Vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 1698-1708, 2000.〕〔Roy, G.D., Frolov, S.M., Borisov, A.A., and Netzer, D.W., "Pulse Detonation Propulsion: Challenges, Current Status, and Future Perspective," ''Progress in Energy and Combustion Science'', Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 545-672, 2004.〕 The engine is pulsed because the mixture must be renewed in the combustion chamber between each detonation wave and the next. Theoretically, a PDE can operate from subsonic up to a hypersonic flight speed of roughly Mach 5. An ideal PDE design can have a thermodynamic efficiency higher than other designs like turbojets and turbofans because a detonation wave rapidly compresses the mixture and adds heat at constant volume. Consequently, moving parts like compressor spools are not necessarily required in the engine, which could significantly reduce overall weight and cost. PDEs have been considered for propulsion for over 70 years.〔Hoffmann, N., ''Reaction Propulsion by Intermittent Detonative Combustion,'' German Ministry of Supply, Volkenrode Translation, 1940.〕 Key issues for further development include fast and efficient mixing of the fuel and oxidizer, the prevention of autoignition, and integration with an inlet and nozzle.
To date, no practical PDE has been put into production, but several testbed engines have been built and one was successfully integrated into a low-speed demonstration aircraft that flew in sustained PDE powered flight in 2008. In June 2008, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) unveiled Blackswift, which was intended to use this technology to reach speeds of up to Mach 6.〔
〕 However the project was reported cancelled soon afterward, in October 2008.
==Concept==
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